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Friction angle |
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Friction angle |
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Peck-Hanson-Thornburn-Meyerhof (1956)
| • | valid for non soft soils at depth < 5 m |
| • | correlation valid for sands and gravels, represents average values |
| • | traditional correlation widely used, valid for soils above groundwater table < 8 m for terrains within groundwater table (stresses <8-10 t/m²) |
Meyerhof (1956)
| • | correlation valid for clay and fissured marl clay and loose fill |
Sowers (1961)
| • | friction angle in degrees valid for sands in general |
| • | optimal conditions for depths < 4 m above groundwater table and < 7 m for terrains within groundwater table, s>5 t/m² |
De Mello
| • | correlation valid for mainly sandy soils with friction angle < 38° at least 2 m depth |
Malcev (1964)
| • | friction angle in degrees valid for sands in general |
| • | optimal conditions for depths > 2 m and friction angle < 38° |
Schmertmann (1977)
| • | friction angle in degrees for diverse lithotypes (max values) |
| • | N.B. Values are often overly optimistic as derived from DR % indirect correlations. |
ROAD BRIDGE SPECIFICATION
| • | friction angle in degrees (Shioi-Fukuni 1982) valid for sands, fine sands and silty sands at minimum 2 m depths below ground level |
| • | optimal conditions for depths >8 m over groundwater table and >15 m for terrains within groundwater table, s>15 t/m² |
(JAPANESE NATIONAL RAILWAY) Shioi-Fukuni 1982
| • | friction angle in degrees valid for gravels |
| • | friction angle in degrees valid for medium coarse sands gravelly sands and gravels (degrees) Shioi-Fukuni 1982 valid for minimum depths of 2 m |
Owasaki & Iwasaki
| • | friction angle in degrees, valid for sands, medium and coarse and gravelly sands |
| • | optimal conditions for depths > 8 m above groundwater table and > 15 m for terrains within groundwater table, s>15 t/m² |
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